From a Bash shell, which of the following commands directly executes the instruction from the...

 The commands that directly execute the instruction from the file /usr/local/bin/runme.sh without starting a subshell are source /usr/local/bin/runme.sh and . /usr/local/bin/runme.sh. These commands use the source or dot builtins, which read and execute commands from the given file in the current shell environment. This means that any changes made by the file, such as setting variables, defining functions, or changing directories, will affect the current shell. This is different from running the file as a script, which will create a new shell process and execute the commands in a separate environment. The source or dot commands are useful for loading configuration files, such as ~/.bashrc or /etc/profile, or for running scripts that modify the current state of the shell.

The other commands are incorrect for the following reasons:

C. /bin/bash /usr/local/bin/runme.sh: This command will run the file as a script using the /bin/bash interpreter. This will create a new shell process and execute the commands in a separate environment. Any changes made by the file will not affect the current shell.

D. /usr/local/bin/runme.sh: This command will also run the file as a script, but using the interpreter specified by the shebang line (#!) at the beginning of the file. If the file does not have a shebang line, it will use the default shell interpreter, which may or may not be /bin/bash. This will also create a new shell process and execute the commands in a separate environment. Any changes made by the file will not affect the current shell.

E. run /usr/local/bin/runme.sh: This command is not valid, as there is no builtin or external command called run. This will produce an error message.