Which of the following tools can be used by an investigator to analyze the metadata...

Bulk Extractoris a digital forensics utility specifically designed to scan storage media (or forensic disk images) and automatically extractstructured artifacts and metadata-like featureswithout relying strictly on file system parsing. In Windows investigations, it is commonly used to identify and pull out items such as email addresses, URLs, domain names, credit card patterns, timestamps, GPS coordinates, and other feature records that can be treated as metadata indicators during triage and deep analysis. Because it works by scanning raw data blocks and producing feature reports, it can recover useful information even when files are deleted, partially corrupted, or when file system structures are damaged—conditions frequently encountered in forensic cases. Investigators use its outputs to correlate user activity, locate sensitive data exposure, and identify evidence-rich regions for further examination with file-level tools.

The other options do not match the requirement of analyzing file metadata broadly.Tor browseris an anonymity-focused web browser, not a forensic metadata analyzer.IECachesViewis a niche utility for viewing Internet Explorer cache/history artifacts rather than general file metadata analysis.Paraben P2 Commandertargets peer-to-peer investigations and related artifacts, not general metadata extraction across files. Therefore, the correct tool for analyzing metadata-like artifacts on a Windows-based system isBulk Extractor (A).