Which two statements cause changes to the data dictionary?

The data dictionary is a read-only set of tables that provides information about the database. Certain operations that modify the database structure will cause changes to the data dictionary:

Option B: GRANT UPDATE ON scott.emp TO fin_manager;

Granting privileges on a table will change the data dictionary as it records the new privilege.

Option D: TRUNCATE TABLE emp;

Truncating a table affects the data dictionary because it removes all rows from a table and may also reset storage parameters.

Options A, C, and E do not cause changes to the data dictionary:

Option A is incorrect because the DELETE command modifies data, not the data dictionary structure.

Option C is incorrect because altering a session parameter does not change the data dictionary; it is a temporary change for the session.

Option E is incorrect because a SELECT query does not change the database, it just retrieves information.