A customer has these requirements for their proposed Data Guard implementation:1.

According to the requirements stated:

Zero data loss must be guaranteed despite the loss of any one component:This necessitates synchronous redo transport to at least one standby database (for no data loss).

The primary database must be protected against a regional disaster:This implies that there must be a standby database in a different region.

Performance overhead on the primary should be minimized:This suggests that asynchronous transport should be used where possible to reduce the performance impact on the primary.

Downtime on the primary for any reason must be kept to a minimum:This is indicative of a requirement for a fast failover mechanism, possibly with a fast-start failover (FSFO) and high availability.

Given these requirements, the appropriate option that fulfills all these is:

Option C, where 'prima' is the primary database, 'fs1' is the Far Sync instance in the primary region, and 'physt' and 'physt2' are physical standby databases in the primary and remote regions, respectively. In this configuration:

'prima' is set to send redo to 'fs1' using SYNC to guarantee zero data loss.

'fs1' is set to send redo to 'physt' (local standby) using FASTSYNC, which is a low-latency synchronous transport that is optimized for performance.

The Data Guard configuration's protection mode is set to MAXAVAILABILITY to provide the highest level of data protection that is possible without compromising the availability of the primary database.

This configuration ensures that there is zero data loss even if the primary region is completely lost, maintains performance by limiting the synchronous transport to the local region with a Far Sync instance, and has a remote standby database in a separate region for disaster recovery purposes.