Oracle Database 12c provides new task-specific privileges (SYSBACKUP, SYSDG, and SYSKM) to handle standard administration...

These administrative privileges enable you to connect to the database only if the database is open.

After connecting with these privileges, you are connected under a predefined user whose name is the privilege name.

These administrative privileges allow a user to view DBA_xxx, GV$, VS, and SELECT on application tables.

Without being a member of OSBACKUP. OSDG, and OSKM OS groups, users cannot connect as administrative users by using OS authentication.