Which type of attack is prevented by configuring file reputation filtering and file analysis features?

The type of attack that is prevented by configuring file reputation filtering and file analysis features is zero-day. Zero-day attacks are those that exploit unknown vulnerabilities in software or systems before they are patched or fixed. File reputation filtering and file analysis features help to protect against zero-day attacks by checking the reputation of files attached to email messages and sending them to a cloud-based service for dynamic analysis.

References: Securing Email with Cisco Email Security Appliance (SESA) v3.1, Module 9: Using Advanced Malware Protection, Lesson 1: Configuring File Reputation Filtering and File Analysis