An administrator at a large university wants to ensure that the new employees have the...

In a modern cloud and campus environment, managing the lifecycle of an identity is the cornerstone of a secure architecture.Identity and Access Management (IAM)is the comprehensive framework of policies and technologies that ensures the right individuals have the appropriate access to technology resources. According to the Cisco SDSI objectives, IAM is the primary mechanism used to transition from manual, error-prone onboarding to a policy-driven approach based onroles and responsibilities.

IAM solutions allow administrators to define digital identities and associate them with specific roles (Role-Based Access Control). When a new employee is onboarded, the IAM system automatically provisions access to the necessary cloud applications and data based on their department or job function. This ensures the principle ofleast privilegeis maintained from day one. WhileSecurity Groups(Option B) andNetwork Access Control Lists (ACLs)(Option D) are important technical controls for filtering traffic at the network layer, they do not manage the identity lifecycle or the complex mapping of users to application permissions. AVPN(Option C) provides a secure tunnel for remote access but does not definewhata user can do once they are inside the network. IAM provides the central control plane for identity-centric security, which is essential for a large university environment with high user turnover and diverse access requirements.

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