In the context of password security, a simple dictionary attack involves loading a dictionary file...

A hybrid attack combines the benefits of both dictionary and brute-force attacks. It takes words from a dictionary and applies modifications such as:

Appending or prepending numbers or symbols

Changing case (e.g., admin → Admin1!)

Leetspeak substitutions (e.g., p@ssw0rd)

From CEH v13 Official Courseware:

Module 6: Malware Threats

Topic: Password Cracking Methods

CEH v13 Study Guide states:

“A hybrid attack is a combination of dictionary and brute-force techniques. It takes dictionary words and mutates them to cover common variations, making it more effective than pure dictionary attacks.”

Incorrect Options:

A/B/D: These are not standard terminology in cryptographic or password auditing literature.