A healthcare provider discovers that protected health information of patients was altered without patient consent.

HIPAA requires integrity controls to prevent unauthorized data modification.

D (Technical integrity and transmission security): Ensures PHI data is protected against unauthorized alteration during storage and transmission.

This directly addresses the issue of data being altered without consent.

Why other options are incorrect:

A: Prevents unauthorized access but does not guarantee data integrity.

B: Administrative processes cover policies, not technical enforcement.

C: Focuses on physical device control, not data integrity.

—