Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation (250–350 words)
===========
The EC-Council CCISO program emphasizes that scope management is the single most critical factor affecting project schedule and budget performance. When a security project is significantly delayed and over budget, CCISO documentation identifies scope creep or poorly defined scope as the most common root cause.
Scope defines what is included and excluded in the project. If scope is not properly defined, controlled, and approved, additional requirements are often introduced without corresponding adjustments to budget, schedule, or resources. CCISO training explicitly states that unresolved scope issues frequently manifest as missed milestones, cost overruns, and stakeholder dissatisfaction.
Constraints (Option A) such as time, cost, and resources are outcomes affected by scope, not the primary driver. Technologies (Option C) may contribute to complexity, but technology challenges are typically symptoms of scope expansion or unclear requirements. Milestones (Option D) are tracking mechanisms; reviewing milestones alone does not address the root cause of project failure.
CCISO governance guidance aligns with PMI and ISO project governance principles, reinforcing that CISOs must verify scope first when projects fail, before addressing execution details. Proper scope review allows leadership to determine whether the project remains viable, needs re-baselining, or requires executive intervention.
Therefore, the most important element to review and verify is the project scope, making Option B the correct answer.
