Based on non-delegable duty, contractual provisions that shift liability to the subcontractors have not been...

Hold harmless clauses are contractual provisions that attempt to shift liability from one party to another—typically from the hiring organization to the contractor. However, under the principle of non-delegable duty, courts often do not honor these clauses when essential legal responsibilities (like ensuring public safety) are involved. This reinforces that certain legal obligations cannot be waived or outsourced.

Options A and B are not recognized legal phrases.