What is the core function of the SAP Identity Access Governance solution?

Comprehensive and Detailed 150 to 250 words of Explanation From Positioning SAP Business Suite via SAP Financial Management Solutions documents:

SAP Identity Access Governance (IAG) is a cloud-based service that focuses specifically on the management of user authorizations and permissions across an organization’s hybrid landscape. In a modern finance environment, where data privacy and security are paramount, IAG provides a centralized way to control "who can do what" within the SAP system. This is critical for maintaining internal controls and protecting sensitive financial information.

The solution automates the provisioning process and ensures that "Segregation of Duties" (SoD) is strictly maintained. For example, it can prevent a user from having both the permission to create a purchase order and the permission to approve it, which is a fundamental requirement to prevent internal fraud. By automating these checks, IAG reduces the workload on IT and Audit teams while significantly lowering the risk of unauthorized access. While it helps meet regulatory requirements (Option C) and contributes to overall security, its primary operational function is the precise governance of user identities and the enforcement of access policies to ensure that every user has exactly the permissions they need—and no more.