The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) is authorized under the UN Charter to imposebinding sanctions measureson member states. These sanctions may target countries, entities, or individuals and can include arms embargoes, travel bans, asset freezes, and restrictions on trade or financial services.
Statement Ais correct:
Circumventing or evading UNSC sanctionsmay constitute a criminal offenseif the jurisdiction has incorporated UN obligations into domestic law. While the UNSC does not directly impose criminal penalties,member states must implement these measures locally, andmany jurisdictions have lawsthat make such violations criminal acts.
Statement Bis incorrect:
The UNSC is empowered toimpose broad restrictions, includingtrade bans beyond arms, such as on luxury goods, fuel, or specific commodities. Therefore, the idea that it cannot prohibit exports beyond arms is inaccurate.
Statement Cis correct:
Member countries of the United Nations are expected to implement and enforce UNSC sanctions, in accordance with their obligations under the UN Charter (specifically Chapter VII). Countries are responsible for transposing these sanctions into their national legal frameworks.
Statement Dis incorrect:
Although member countries are required to enforce sanctions,not all countries automatically consider breaches a criminal offense. Whether a violation is criminal depends on how each country enacts UN sanctions domestically.
[Reference: ACAMS CAMS Study Guide – 6th Edition, Chapter:International AML Standards– Section:United Nations Initiatives and Global Sanctions Framework, , , , ]
