Martha is observing Gary complete several activities as part of her requirements elicitation process.

 Passive observation is a technique of observing the behavior and activities of stakeholders without asking questions or influencing them in any way. Passive observation can help to capture the actual work processes and environment of the stakeholders, as well as any issues or challenges they face. Passive observation can also reduce the bias or distortion that may arise from direct interaction with the stakeholders. References: BABOK Guide v3, page 97; CBAP / CCBA Certified Business Analysis Study Guide, page 163.