Which of the following is MOST effective in preventing the introduction of vulnerabilities that may...

= Change management controls are the most effective in preventing the introduction of vulnerabilities that may disrupt the availability of a critical business application. Change management controls are the policies, procedures, and practices that govern the initiation, approval, implementation, testing, and documentation of changes to the information systems and infrastructure. Change management controls help to ensure that changes are authorized, planned, controlled, and monitored, and that they do not introduce any unintended or adverse effects on the security, functionality, performance, or reliability of the system or application. Change management controls also help to identify and mitigate any potential risks or issues that may arise from the changes, and to ensure that the changes are aligned with the business objectives and requirements. By implementing change management controls, the organization can prevent the introduction of vulnerabilities that may disrupt the availability of a critical business application, as well as enhance the quality and efficiency of the change process. References = CISM Review Manual 15th Edition, page 105, page 106.