All of the following are examples of an adverse drug event EXCEPT

Under Health Care Risk Management principles defined by ASHRM and the American Hospital Association Certification Center, an adverse drug event refers to patient harm or potential harm related to the use of medication. This includes medication errors and adverse drug reactions that directly affect patient safety. Administration of a drug by the wrong route is a medication error that may result in patient harm and therefore qualifies as an adverse drug event. A drug reaction experienced by the patient is, by definition, an adverse drug reaction and falls within the broader category of adverse drug events. Similarly, an error in ordering or dispensing a drug represents a medication error that may cause or has the potential to cause harm to a patient.

In contrast, a controlled substance inventory discrepancy relates to regulatory compliance, diversion risk, or financial accountability, not direct patient injury. While such discrepancies are serious and fall under legal, regulatory, and operational risk domains, they do not constitute an adverse drug event unless patient harm occurs.

Clinical and patient safety objectives emphasize distinguishing between medication-related patient harm and regulatory or operational issues. Therefore, the controlled substance inventory discrepancy is not an adverse drug event.