What are the four elements of the SBAR situational briefing model?

SBAR is a standardized communication framework used to reduce preventable harm caused by incomplete, unclear, or delayed clinical communication—especially during handoffs, escalations, and urgent updates. The four elements areSituation(what is happening now),Background(clinical context and relevant history),Assessment(what you think the problem is based on data), andRecommendation(what you need/request as the next step). By forcing concise structure, SBAR improves shared situational awareness, supports early recognition of deterioration, and reduces ambiguity (“hinting and hoping”). From a risk management standpoint, SBAR strengthens frontline reliability, decreases communication-related sentinel events, and supports defensible care by demonstrating a consistent escalation process. It also aligns with patient safety objectives: clearer teamwork, faster response to clinical changes, and fewer omissions during transitions of care.