Which of the following tools shows process changes and random variation over time?

A control chart is a tool that shows process changes and random variation over time. It is a type of statistical process control (SPC) that monitors the performance of a process and detects whether it is in or out of control. A control chart consists of a center line, an upper control limit, and a lower control limit. The center line represents the average or target value of the process. The control limits represent the acceptable range of variation within the process. If the data points fall within the control limits, the process is considered stable and in control. If the data points fall outside the control limits, or show a non-random pattern, the process is considered unstable and out of control, indicating the presence of special causes of variation that need to be investigated and eliminated. References:

Managing Supply Chain Operations, Chapter 9: Quality Management, Section 9.2: Statistical Process Control

CPIM Exam Content Manual, Module 8: Quality, Technology and Continuous Improvement, Section 8.1: Quality Management, Subsection 8.1.2: Statistical Process Control