In which of the following situations should a trainer refer a client to a medical...

NASM’s scope-of-practice guidelines clearly state that personal trainers must refer clients to qualified medical professionals when they suspect or become aware of any undiagnosed condition that could impact health and exercise safety. Undiagnosed osteoporosis poses significant risks for fractures and requires a physician’s evaluation before beginning or continuing a program. Conversely, diagnosed conditions (like diabetes or hypertension) can be trained for within guidelines, provided the trainer follows physician recommendations.