Which of the following statements is true regarding Fault Tree Analysis?

Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) is a technique used to analyze the causes of faults (defects). The technique visually models how logical relationships between failures, human errors, and external events can combine to cause specific faults to disclose1. FTA can help to determine the root cause of observed and potential failures by tracing back the fault events to their initiating causes and identifying the combinations of events that can lead to the fault occurrence2. Therefore, option A is the correct answer. Option B is incorrect because FTA is not used to select the pairs of items to be used in pairwise testing, which is a technique to generate test cases based on the combinations of two input parameters. Option C is incorrect because FTA is not a formal technique used to identify the likely effects of risks, which are uncertain events or conditions that may have a positive or negative impact on the project objectives. Option D is incorrect because FTA is not used to target defect-based testing, which is a testing technique that uses information about the types, causes, and locations of defects discovered in previous projects to guide the selection, creation, and prioritization of test cases. References: 1: Fault Tree Analysis | ISTQB Glossary 2: Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) - Software Testing Genius : ISTQB Glossary, Pairwise Testing : ISTQB Glossary, Risk : ISTQB Glossary, Defect-Based Test Technique : Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) - Software Testing Genius : Fault Tree Analysis | ISTQB Glossary