Which ONE of the following options BEST characterizes the Behavior-Driven Development (BDD) approach?

Derives tests from acceptance criteria as part of the system design process. Tests are written before the part of the application is developed to satisfy the tests. Tests may persist as automated tests to ensure the code quality in future adaptions/refactoring.

Expresses the desired behavior of an application with test cases written in a simple form of natural language that is easy to understand by stakeholders—usually using the Given/When/Then format. Test cases are then automatically translated into executable tests.

Expresses the desired behavior of an application with test cases written in a simple form of natural language that is easy to understand by stakeholders—usually using the Preconditions/Input Values/Process/Output Values/Postconditions format. Test cases are then automatically translated into executable tests.

Derives tests from acceptance criteria as part of the system design process. Tests are written before the part of the application is developed to satisfy the tests. Tests will persist as automated tests to ensure code maintainability in future adaptions/refactoring.