When designing a wireless bridge to connect two offices 13 kilometers (approximately 8 miles) apart,...

When establishing a long-distance wireless bridge, such as one spanning 13 kilometers, it's crucial to consider the Fresnel Zone, which is the elliptical area around the line-of-sight path between two antennas. Obstructions within this zone can cause signal degradation due to diffraction.

One significant factor affecting the Fresnel Zone over long distances is the Earth's curvature, commonly referred to as the Earth bulge. As the distance between the two points increases, the Earth's surface curves away, potentially intruding into the Fresnel Zone and obstructing the signal path. Therefore, engineers must calculate the Earth's bulge and ensure that antenna heights are sufficient to maintain a clear Fresnel Zone.

While Free Space Path Loss (FSPL), antenna gain, and receiver sensitivity are essential parameters in link budget calculations, they do not directly address the physical clearance required in the Fresnel Zone.