People often incorrectly combine the concepts of data management and information technology into one.

Data management focuses on managing data as an asset, distinct from IT, which focuses on technology infrastructure. The DAMA-DMBOK states: “Data management is the development, execution, and supervision of plans, policies, programs, and practices that control, protect, deliver, and enhance the value of data and information assets, whereas IT focuses on the technology that supports these activities” (DMBOK2, Chapter 1: Data Management, p. 15). Option A (reducing duplication through identity focus) is a data management outcome, not an IT function, as it involves data quality and master data management. Options B, C, D, and E describe IT-related activities (e.g., Big Data projects, platform migrations, document systems, and DG portals), which are often conflated with data management.