TTT recently appointed a new Chief Executive, R, to lead it through a period of...

TTT recently appointed a new Chief Executive, R, to lead it through a period of major change. R immediately set up a change management team which consisted of several senior managers and directors from across the organization. Together, they formulated an overall goal for change and then spent several weeks presenting the need for change to all of the staff through a series of staff meetings. At these meetings R involved staff and built their ideas into the final change strategy.

R also set a series of interim goals to encourage ongoing performance throughout the change process. When the organization reached these goals, R widely publicized these achievements to help motivate staff.

However, after six months, TTT had failed to reach most of the interim goals that had been set. Most of the members of the change management team had not maintained a significant interest in the change process and many of the staff felt that there had been a lack of communication and reward following the initial few weeks of the change process.

Kotter suggested that there were eight steps required to successfully lead change.

Which TWO of the following did R fail to achieve? (Choose two.)