A 30-year-old patient has a gunshot wound to the chest and is unconscious.

Hypovolemic shock results from acute blood loss, commonly seen with penetrating trauma such as gunshot wounds. NREMT identifies several key indicators that reflect reduced circulating volume and inadequate tissue perfusion.

Option A (Heart rate) is a strong indicator. Tachycardia (P 140) reflects the body’s attempt to compensate for reduced blood volume and maintain cardiac output.

Option B (Lung sounds) are significant in this case because absent sounds suggest associated chest trauma that may contribute to blood loss and impaired oxygenation, worsening shock.

Option C (Mental status) is a critical indicator. Unconsciousness reflects inadequate cerebral perfusion, a late and serious sign of shock.

Additional supportive findings include pale, cool skin and borderline hypotension. NREMT emphasizes early recognition of shock and rapid control of bleeding, oxygenation, and transport to definitive care.