Wasteful year-end spending may be discouraged by including which of the following in the appropriation...

Comprehensive Detailed Explanation:

Year-end wasteful spending (also known as “use-it-or-lose-it” spending) often occurs because agencies rush to obligate funds before they expire at fiscal year-end. Providing multi-year appropriations reduces this pressure by allowing agencies to obligate funds over a longer period, thus promoting better planning and reducing unnecessary or rushed spending.

Relevant References:

GAO Red Book – Appropriations Law

OMB Circular A-11 – Budget Execution

Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Reports on Year-End Spending

Answer: D. multi-year appropriation authority