Employment relationships for most employees in Europe are primarily governed by:

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

In most European countries, theindividual employment contractis a legally binding document that governs the employee-employer relationship. These contracts define:

Pay and benefits

Notice periods

Work hours

Termination conditions

This is acore difference from U.S. at-will employment, where terms are often less formalized and can be unilaterally changed or terminated.

GPHR Study Guide Extract – Workforce Relations and Risk Management / Regional Legal Differences:

“In Europe, employment contracts are standard and enforceable under national labor law. They define the terms and conditions of employment, ensuring clarity and legal protection for both parties.”

TheData Protection Directiveregulates personal data, not employment contracts.