How can continual improvement of value streams be achieved?

The correct answer is C. ITIL Version 5 explains that value streams are context-specific combinations of activities within an organization’s value chain. These activities are enabled and supported by management practices. Therefore, continual improvement of value streams is achieved not only by mapping and analysing the flow of work, but also by improving the management practices that support and enable those value streams. ITIL describes management practices as organizational capabilities combining competencies, processes, methods, technology tools, and partners or suppliers. Improving these capabilities improves the organization’s ability to perform value-creating work effectively. Option A is incorrect because external dependencies cannot usually be eliminated; organizations often rely on service networks, partners, and suppliers. Option B is incorrect because creating a new value stream for every product or service is unnecessary and may create complexity. Option D is incorrect because workflows vary by context, and ITIL recognizes that actual value streams are performed differently in real situations. The practical approach is continual mapping, analysis, and practice improvement.