Ben Dunne is a procurement manager and is responsible for a contract that supplies translation...

The testing stage of the negotiation cycle is where each party explores and validates information provided by the other side. By asking the supplier to present their performance to date, Ben is testing claims, checking credibility, and assessing whether the supplier’s performance supports or undermines their position in the negotiation. This is distinct from preparation (which happens before the meeting), bargaining (where concessions and tradeables are exchanged), and agreement (where final terms are confirmed). CIPS highlights that testing allows negotiators to challenge assumptions, clarify evidence, and strengthen their position before moving into bargaining or closure.