A major investment bank is planning to purchase a complex banking system that will interface...

A major investment bank is planning to purchase a complex banking system that will interface with multiple applications at varying times of the day. Before deploying the system, there are various levels of testing that must be performed through joint testing between the in-house team and off-shore testing consultants. The testing will be performed in a resource-constrained shared environment and managed by the on-shore development team. The costs for testing are generally classified as...?