Which of the following is an example of a before-the-fact management control?

A policies and procedures manual is an example of a before-the-fact management control. Before-the-fact controls are proactive measures designed to guide employee actions and prevent issues before they arise. Leadership and transformation management documents stress the importance of establishing clear guidelines and procedures to ensure consistent and compliant operations. A policies and procedures manual provides detailed instructions and expectations for employees, helping to prevent deviations from standard practices. References emphasize that such manuals are essential tools for maintaining control over organizational processes and ensuring alignment with strategic goals.