Which security control is a countermeasure against vendor lock-in and lock-out?

Offsite backups are an effective countermeasure against vendor lock-in and lock-out risks. Managing Cloud principles explain that maintaining copies of data outside a single cloud provider reduces dependency and ensures continued access if services become unavailable.

Offsite backups enable organizations to migrate data, recover from provider outages, or exit a provider relationship without losing critical information. This control supports business continuity, portability, and resilience.

Video surveillance addresses physical security, disk redundancy improves availability within the same provider, and training programs improve awareness but do not reduce dependency. Therefore, offsite backups are the correct security control.