When designing an experiment to compare the performance of two LLMs on a question-answering task,...

The paired t-test is the most appropriate statistical test to compare the performance (e.g., accuracy) of two large language models (LLMs) on the same question-answering dataset, assuming the data follows a normal distribution. This test evaluates whether the mean difference in paired observations (e.g., accuracy on each question) is statistically significant. NVIDIA’s documentation on model evaluation in NeMo suggests using paired statistical tests for comparing model performance on identical datasets to account for correlated errors. Option A (Chi-squared test) is for categorical data, not continuous metrics like accuracy. Option C (Mann-Whitney U test) is non-parametric and used for non-normal data. Option D (ANOVA) is for comparing more than two groups, not two models.