The light-sensitive cells of the eye are called rods and cones.

Rods and cones are photoreceptor cells responsible for detecting light and color. These specialized cells are located in the retina, which is the innermost layer of the eye. The retina converts light energy into electrical signals that are transmitted to the brain via the optic nerve. Rods are more sensitive to low light and are important for night vision, while cones detect color and fine detail. The sclera is the tough, white outer layer of the eye that provides protection. The choroid contains blood vessels that supply nutrients to the eye, and the cornea is the transparent front portion that helps focus incoming light. Because rods and cones must directly receive light to function, they are located in the retina. This concept is commonly tested on the NEX Science exam in questions related to sensory organs and physiology.

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