The right of an employer to restrain a former employee from making improper use of...

In Canada, protection of confidential information and trade secrets is primarily grounded in common law principles (and, in Quebec, civil law concepts), as well as in contractual obligations such as confidentiality clauses. NPPE materials typically explain that even without an explicit contract term, employees owe duties not to misuse an employer’s confidential information and trade secrets, and courts can grant remedies such as injunctions to restrain improper disclosure or use. Regulatory bodies and Codes of Ethics reinforce confidentiality obligations as professional duties, but they do not “grant” the employer the legal right; they govern professional conduct and discipline, not property rights. There is no Canadian “Trade Secrets Act of 1984” that generally grants this right across the country in the manner implied by option D. Accordingly, the legal right to restrain misuse of trade secrets is rooted in common law (and contract), making A correct.