A project manager is leading a project that is kicking off next month.

Before the project manager can develop a communications plan or determine appropriate tools, the first step is to understand the stakeholders’ communication needs. According to the PMBOK® Guide – Seventh Edition, effective stakeholder engagement begins by identifying and analyzing stakeholder needs and expectations. Engaging stakeholders early allows the project manager to tailor communication effectively.

Option A comes after gathering information and is a planning activity.

Option C (RACI chart) is useful for defining roles and responsibilities, not specifically stakeholder communication needs.

Option D is a tactic that follows understanding needs, not a starting point.