What is "precisely specify value by product" central to?

Precisely specify value by product” is one of the five key principles of Lean Thinking, as defined by James Womack and Daniel Jones in their book “Lean Thinking”. It means that value should be determined by the customer’s needs and preferences for each specific product or service, rather than by the producer’s assumptions or standards. This principle helps to eliminate waste, optimize flow, and increase customer satisfaction. References: Lean-Agile Mindset, Lean Manufacturing, What is Lean?