A company runs a test application on an Amazon EC2 instance.

Amazon Web Services SAP-C02 Question Answer

A company runs a test application on an Amazon EC2 instance. Testing clients across the United States send data to the application by using a REST API. As traffic increases, application response times increase. The company wants to migrate to a serverless architecture and stream data to clients through WebSockets.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Create a new Amazon API Gateway REST API. Implement the business logic in AWS Lambda functions. Set the Lambda functions as integrations to the new REST API. Create a new AWS Step Functions state machine and set the clients as targets. Use the state machine to send data back to the clients.

Create a new Amazon API Gateway HTTP API and an Amazon SQS queue. Configure the HTTP API to integrate with the SQS queue. Implement the business logic in an AWS Lambda function. Use the SQS queue to invoke the Lambda function. Configure the Lambda function to write data to an AWS AppSync Events channel. Ensure that the clients subscribe to the AWS AppSync Events channel.

Create a new AWS AppSync API and a new Amazon SQS queue. Integrate the SQS queue with the AWS AppSync API. Update the current business logic to consume from the SQS queue. Create a new Amazon EventBridge event bus and an EventBridge rule. Set the clients as targets for the rule. Use the EventBridge event bus to send data back to the clients.

Create a new Amazon CloudFront distribution. Implement the business logic in a CloudFront function. Set the CloudFront function as an origin of the CloudFront distribution. Enable AWS IoT Core. Configure the CloudFront function to write data to an MQTT topic. Ensure that the clients subscribe to the IoT Core MQTT topic through WebSockets.

Explanation:

B is correct because it implements a fully serverless ingestion-and-streaming design that decouples request intake from processing and delivers real-time updates to clients over WebSockets. The HTTP API provides a serverless front door for REST requests. Sending requests to Amazon SQS buffers bursts and smooths spikes, preventing the backend from being overwhelmed as traffic grows. The SQS → Lambda pattern provides scalable, asynchronous processing. For the “stream data to clients through WebSockets” requirement, AWS AppSync Events (real-time publish/subscribe) allows clients to subscribe over persistent WebSocket connections and receive pushed updates with minimal latency, while producers (the Lambda function) publish events to channels that subscribers receive.

Why the other options are incorrect:

A: AWS Step Functions is an orchestration service for workflows. It does not provide a native mechanism to “set clients as targets” and push data back to arbitrary REST clients over WebSockets.

C: Amazon EventBridge rules can target AWS services (Lambda, SQS, SNS, etc.), but clients are not valid EventBridge targets for direct WebSocket streaming. This does not solve “stream to clients through WebSockets.”

D: CloudFront Functions are for lightweight request/response manipulation at the edge and cannot act as an origin or run complex business logic. Also, writing to an MQTT topic from a CloudFront Function is not a supported pattern. While AWS IoT Core can support MQTT over WebSockets for clients, the proposed CloudFront Function integration is not valid.

[References:, Amazon API Gateway Documentation: HTTP APIs, service integrations, and serverless API front doors, Amazon SQS Documentation: queue-based buffering/decoupling to handle traffic spikes and asynchronous processing with Lambda, AWS Lambda Documentation: event source mapping with SQS for scalable, serverless processing, AWS AppSync Documentation (AppSync real-time / Events capabilities): publish/subscribe and real-time delivery to clients over WebSockets, AWS Certified Solutions Architect – Professional (SAP-C02) Exam Guide: designing scalable serverless architectures, asynchronous decoupling, and real-time client delivery patterns, , , ]

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Vendor: Amazon Web Services
Product: SAP-C02
Update on: May 21, 2026
Questions: 645

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A company runs a test application on an Amazon EC2 instance.

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