According to the Stockholm Resilience Centre, which of the following planetary boundaries has been crossed...

Land-system change (Option B) has been breached due to deforestation, agriculture expansion, and urbanization, which have led to:

Loss of biodiversity.

Disruption of ecosystems and carbon sequestration processes.

Option A (Ocean acidification) is a major concern but is approaching, not yet fully breaching, planetary boundaries.

Option C (Stratospheric ozone depletion) has improved due to international regulations like the Montreal Protocol.