Which of the following statements regarding availability of ESG data is most accurate?

Sovereign bond ESG data remainsinconsistent, especially when compared across different jurisdictions. This is due to varying levels of public transparency, reporting standards, and national ESG frameworks. The Principles for Responsible Investment (PRI) highlight this as akey data limitationin ESG investing.

“The PRI notes that ESG data for sovereign bond issuers is less available and often inconsistent, making cross-country comparisons and assessments of sovereign ESG risk more difficult.”

This variability poses challenges to fixed income investors seeking to align sovereign debt portfolios with ESG principles.