A legal instrument that isexecuted between two nationsand governscross-border information sharingis known as a:

Mutual Legal Assistance Treaties (MLATs)areformal agreementsforcross-border law enforcement cooperation.

Option D (Correct):MLATsallow countries toexchange information, conduct joint investigations, and provide legal assistance.

Option A (Incorrect):Memoranda of Agreement (MOA)are typicallynon-binding agreementsbetween private entities.

Option B (Incorrect):Declarations of understandingare informal statements, not legally binding treaties.

Option C (Incorrect):Memoranda of Understanding (MOUs)governgeneral cooperation, notformal legal assistance.