Supply chain disruption avoidance measures typically are based on distinguishing:

Supply chain disruption avoidance measures are typically based on distinguishing between common and special causes of variation. Common causes of variation are inherent to the process and predictable, while special causes are unexpected and irregular events that can lead to significant disruptions. Understanding and addressing these variations through proper risk management strategies can help in avoiding or mitigating supply chain disruptions.

References

Deming, W. E. (1986). "Out of the Crisis."

Supply Chain Risk Management literature.