From the three actions Tom Brown is undertaking, which is categorised as a pure risk?

According to 1, page 9, pure risk is “a situation where there are only two possible outcomes: loss or no loss”. Buying lottery tickets and selling a house are examples of speculative risk, where there is a possibility of gain or loss. Going horse riding without a helmet is an example of pure risk, where there is only a possibility of loss (injury) or no loss.