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Clause 4.4 of ISO 45001 requires organizations to establish, implement, maintain, and continually improve an OH and S management system. The corrective actions must address systemic issues, involve leadership commitment, and aim to foster a strong safety culture.

Analysis of Options:

A. Top management initiated a comprehensive review of internal and external issues: Correct. A review of internal and external issues aligns with Clause 4.1 and demonstrates leadership commitment.

B. Union representatives were invited to attend OH and S management meetings: Incorrect. While participation is valuable, it is not a systemic corrective action.

C. Top management developed and is leading a programme to promote an effective culture of support: Correct. Promoting a safety culture is a proactive measure and aligns with Clause 5.1 (Leadership).

D. Staff from departments with nonconformities received regular safety training during toolbox talks: Incorrect. While training addresses specific gaps, it does not address systemic issues.

E. External consultants conducted a gap analysis of the OHSMS: Incorrect. While helpful, this action does not demonstrate leadership or address systemic improvement.

F. OH and S champions were appointed in each department to report near misses and incidents: Incorrect. This is a good practice but does not directly address Clause 4.4’s requirement for systemic improvement.

ISO References:

Clause 4.4: Maintaining and improving the OH and S management system.

Clause 5.1: Leadership and commitment.

Clause 10.3: Continual improvement.