Which of the following best describes a lagged effect?

It is a delayed response to a marketing communication campaign exhibited by customers.

It occurs when consumers mention a specific brand name first when they are asked about a product or service.

It occurs when consumers indicate they know the brand when the name is presented to them.

It refers to a potential customer’s inability to recognize or recall that a brand name belongs to a certain product category.

It is any interference that stems from competing messages, a lack of clarity in the message, or a flaw in the medium.